Heft 3/2025 der Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung (ZfO)
ZfO
Neben zahlreichen Rezensionen enthält das Heft drei Beiträge.
Małgorzata Kołacz-Chmiel: The Society of the Polish-Ruthenian Borderland in Times of Change (in the Example of the 15th-Century Nobility of the Hrubieszów County in Chełm Land) (S. 317–350), https://doi.org/10.25627/202574311701
Abstract
This article aims to look at the changes that took place in Red Ruthenia in the context of social assimilation and acculturation and the interdependencies between them. These two types of integration considered by anthropological and sociological models of assimilation to be particularly relevant from the point of view of social change are the starting point for an analysis of the changes that took place in Red Ruthenia as a result of the clash of different ethnic groups formed within different legal systems, religions and cultural patterns. The changes were exemplified by the example of the upper social strata (boyars and nobility) living in the territory of the Hrubieszów district in the Chelm region. It will be important to examine to what extent the representatives of Orthodox Rusyns underwent integration processes under the influence of currents coming from outside in the form of Polish law, administration and cultural patterns. Structural assimilation will in this case be understood as the entry of boyars into new structures of state and social organizations. Acculturation, on the other hand, occured in the adoption of cultural elements such as language, religion and customs or traditions. Thus, the relationship between structural assimilation and acculturation will be shown. The article will apply a view of the transformations taking place from the point of view of the society living in these areas, sing the example of a group of boyars/nobles. Based on an analysis of the sources, an attempt will be made to determine to what extent the changes that took place were the initiative of the local population (Ruthenians), and to what extent they were imposed by external factors in the form of state power or external population (immigration). It will also be important to consider the tendency of the population to stick to the old established system.
Hana Stoklasová: Catholic Confirmation Books in Czech Dioceses in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries: An Unpublished Source for the Study of the Sacrament of Confirmation (S. 351–372), https://doi.org/10.25627/202574311702
Abstract
Catholic confirmation books from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries have survived in a number of Czech dioceses from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. They represent a valuable but thus far largely overlooked source of information about how the Tridentine form of the rite of confirmation was established in a predominantly non-Catholic environment. The qualitative and quantitative character of the surviving confirmation books varies considerably, depending on how the Tridentine form of this sacrament was introduced in the re-Catholicized territories and whether the rite of confirmation was a means or more an outcome of the re-Catholicization process. This article outlines the initial stages of research and deals with confirmation books in the territory of five Czech dioceses. It assesses how many confirmation books from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries have survived, in what state, and what information they provide, before tracing the factors that influenced how confirmation was introduced into religious practice and spread in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century.
Klaas Anders: Im Widerspruch zwischen Inklusion und Exklusion. Überlegungen zur tschechoslowakischen Migration nach Österreich zwischen Antikommunismus und antiosteuropäischem Rassismus (S. 373–395), https://doi.org/10.25627/202574311703
Abstract
The article investigates the migration of Czechoslovaks to Austria from 1968 to 1989, focusing on the period following the Warsaw Pact invasion. Drawing on Austrian and Czech archival as well as oral history sources, it examines administrative and social processes that shaped the reception of over 162,000 Czechoslovak migrants within the Traiskirchen camp, as well as over examples. The study analyses how Austria’s migration policies and the experiences of migrants were influenced by anti-communist sentiment and persistent antiEastern European stereotypes. While dislike of communism prompted Austrian authorities to welcome Czechoslovak citizens as “political refugees,” long-standing regional prejudices often led to selective inclusion. Migrants from Czechoslovakia were at times selectively granted “white” privileges, enabling them to integrate into Austrian society when it served Austria’s political agenda. Situating these developments within broader societal debates, the article traces how shifting solidarity and exclusion shaped the realities of Czechoslovak migrants. The analysis shows Austria’s migration regime was less a reflection of humanitarian ideals than an outcome of Cold War instrumentalization, where political motives and racial hierarchies intersected to influence the integration and marginalization of Eastern European refugees. The article reconstructs the institutional, discursive frameworks and contradictory nature of Cold War migration policies where political ideologies intersected with racial hierarchies, influencing the experiences of Eastern European migrants in Austria.
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